المُلخص

نَظَرًا لِلتَّقَدُمِ الْحَضَارِي الَّذِي شَهِدَهُ الْعَالَمُ، وَثَوْرَةُ التَّطَوُّرِ التِّكْنُولُوجِي خِلَالَ الْعُقُودِ الْأَخِيرَةِ، ازدادت نِسْبَةُ الْجَرَائِمِ عَلَى مُسْتَوَى الْعَالَمِ بِشَكْلٍ مَلْحُوظ وَمُقْلِقٍ وَقَدْ طَالَتْ هَذِهِ الزِّيَادَةِ مُخْتَلِفْ أَنْوَاعِ الْجَرَائِمِ الِاجْتِمَاعِيَّةَ، وَالنَّفْسِيَّةَ، وَالِاقْتِصَادِيَّةَ مِثْلِ التَّهْدِيدِ الْإِلِكْتِرُونِي كَمَا يُسَمِّيهَا الْبَعْضُ.

وَالَّتِي تُعْتَبَرُ مِنْ أَخْطَرِ الْجَرَائِمِ الَّتِي تُشَكِّلُ تَهْدِيدًا لِجَمِيعِ دُوَلِ الْعَالَمِ الْمُتَقَدمَةِ مِنْهَا وَالنَّامِيَةَ عَلَى حَدٍ سَوَاءٍ ، وَقَدْ ظَهَرَ مُصْطَلَحُ التَّهْدِيدِ الْإِلِكْتِرُونِي جَرِيمَةً مُسْتَحْدَثَةً مُنْذُ أذنْ شَهِدَ الْعَالَمُ مُنْذُ مُنْتَصَفِ الْقَرْنِ الْعِشْرِينَ تَطَوَّرَاتٌ فِي مَجَالِ التَّقْنِيَّةِ الْالِكْتِرُونِيَّةِ الَّتِي تَعُدْ مُوردًا لَا يَقِلُ وَلَا يَنْضُبُ ، وَتُعَدَّ تِقْنِيَّةُ الْمَعْلُومَاتِ الْحَدِيثَةِ وَلِيَدَةَ الاندماج الَّذِي حَصَّلَ بَيْنَ الْحَوْسَبَةِ وَالاِتِّصَالِ ، وَإِنَّ اسْتِخْدَامَ أَي جِهَازِ إِلكْتِرُونِيَ يَمْنَحُ الْعَدِيدُ مِنَ الْمَزَايَا الَّتِي تَقَابِلُهَا الْعَدِيدُ مِنَ الْجَرَائِمِ الَّتِي تَقَعُ عَبْرَ وَسَائِلِ تِقْنِيَّةِ الْمَعْلُومَاتِ الْحَدِيثَةِ مِنْهَا مَا يَمَسُّ حَيَاةَ الْأَشْخَاصِ. تَعَرَّضْ هَذِهِ الدَّرَّاسَةَ جَرِيمَةَ التَّهْدِيدِ الْإِلِكْتُرُونِيَ الْمُتَمَثَلَةِ فِي عَمَلِيَّةَ تَهْدِيدٍ وَتَرْهِيبٍ لِلضَّحِيَّةَ بِنَشْرِ صُورٍ أَوْ مَوَادُّ فِيلْمِيَّةُ أَوْ تَسْرِيبُ مَعْلُومَاتٍ سِرِّيَّةٍ تَخُصُّ الضَّحِيَّةُ ، مُقَابِلَ دَ فَعِ مُبَالِغِ مَالِيَّةِ أَوِ اسْتِغْلَاَلُ الضَّحِيَّةِ لِلْقِيَامَ بِأَعْمَالِ غَيْرِ مَشْرُوعَةٍ لِصَالِحَ المبتزين كَالْهُ إِفْصَاحِ بِمَعْلُومَاتٍ سِرِّيَّةٍ خَاصَّةً بِجِهَةِ الْعَمَلِ أَوْ غَيْرَهَا مِنَ الْأَعْمَالِ غَيْرَ الْقَانُونِيَّةِ.

وَنَظَرَا لِلْآثَارِ السَّلْبِيَّةِ وَالْمُدَمَرَةِ النَّاجِمَةِ عَنْ جَرَائِمِ التَّهْدِيدِ الْإِلِكْتُرونِي، وَالَّتِي تُطَالُ جَمِيعَ مَنَاحِيَ الْحَيَاةِ عَلَى مُسْتَوَى الْأَفْرَادِ وَالْمُجْتَمَعَاتِ وَالدُّوَلِ، مِثْلُ: هَدْمُ الرِّبَاطِ الْأَسْرِيَ الْمُقَدَّسِ وَتَفَكَّكِ عَنَاصِرِهِ.

زِيَادَةُ فُرَصِ التَّعَرُّضِ لِلْأَمْرَاضَ الْعُضْوِيَّةِ وَالنَّفْسِيَّةِ الْمُصَاحِبَةِ لِمَشَاعِرَ الْخَوْفِ وَالتَّعَرُّضِ لِلتَّهْدِيدَ، وَكَذَلِكَ لِلْأَمْرَاضُ الْجِنْسِيَّةُ النَّاتِجَةُ عَنِ الْعَلَاقَاتِ الْآثِمَةِ كَانَ عَلَى الدُّوَلِ مُجْتَمَعَةً أَوْ فُرَادَى، التنبَّهَ لِهَذَا الْخَطَرِ الْمُحْدِقِ. وَنَظَرًا لَمَّا تُشَكِّلُهُ جَرِيمَةُ التَّهْدِيدِ الْإِلِكْتُرونِي ، فَهِي مُنَافِيَةٌ لِلْأَعْرَافَ وَالشَّرَائِعَ الدِّينِيَّةَ عَلَى مُسْتَوَى الْعَالَمِ بِلا استثناء ، مِمَّا حَدًّا بِالدُّوَلِ عَلَى جَمِيعِ الْمُسْتَوَيَاتِ: وَطَنِيَّا وَإِقْلِيمِيَّا وَدُوَلِيَّا إِلَى الْإِسْرَاعِ فِي تِبْنِيُّ سِيَاسَةٍ لِتَجْرِيمِ ظَاهِرَةِ التَّهْدِيدِ الْالِكْتُرُونِي قَانُونيا ، مِنْ خِلَالَ سَنِ الْقَوَانِينَ ، وَعَقَدَ الْاِتِّفَاقِيَاتُ عَلَى الْمُسْتَوَيَيْنِ الْإِقْلِيمِيَّ وَالدَّوْلِيَّ ، لِضَمَانَ التَّعَاوُنِ فِي مُوَاجَهَةٍ وَرَدْعِ هَذِهِ الْجَرِيمَةِ ، وُصُولًا إِلَى الْحَدِ مِنَ انْتِشَارِهَا لِحِمَايَةَ مُجْتَمَعَاتِهَا. وَعَلَيْهُ، يَنْصُبُ هَذَا الْبَحْثِ بِشَكْلٍ رَئِيسٍ، وَنَتَنَاوَلُ عَلَى نَحْو مِنَ التَّفْصِيلِ دِرَاسَةَ جَرِيمَةِ التَّهْدِيدِ الْإِلِكْتُرُونِي فِي الْقَانُونِ الإماراتي وَالْقَانُونَ الْأُرْدُنِيُّ، دِرَاسَةٍ مُقَارَنَةٍ.

Abstract

Due to the civilizational progress witnessed by the world, and the revolution of technological development during the last decades, the rate of crimes has increased significantly and alarmingly worldwide. This increase has affected various types of crimes: social, psychological, and economic, such as the electronic threat, as some call it. Which is considered one of the most dangerous crimes that pose a threat to all countries of the world. both developed and developing alike. The term electronic threat has emerged as a new crime since the world has witnessed developments in the field of electronic technology since the middle of the twentieth century, which is an inexhaustible resource. Modern information technology is the result of the integration that occurred between computing and communication, and the use of any electronic device provides many advantages that are met by many crimes that occur through modern information technology, some of which affect people's lives.

This study presents the crime of electronic threat, which is the process of threatening and intimidating the victim by publishing pictures or film materials or leaking confidential information about the victim, in exchange for paying sums of money or exploiting the victim to carry out illegal acts for the benefit of blackmailers, such as disclosing confidential information about the employer or other illegal acts.

Given the negative and destructive effects of cyber threat crimes, which affect all aspects of life at the level of individuals, societies and countries, such as: destroying the sacred family bond and disintegrating its elements. Increasing the chances of exposure to organic and psychological diseases accompanying feelings of fear and exposure to threat, as well as sexual diseases resulting from sinful relationships, countries, collectively or individually, had to be aware of this imminent danger.

Given what the cyber threat crime constitutes, it is contrary to religious norms and laws worldwide without exception, which prompted countries at all levels: nationally, regionally and internationally, to quickly adopt a policy to criminalize the phenomenon of cyber threat legally, by enacting laws and concluding agreements at the regional and international levels, to ensure cooperation in confronting and deterring this crime, in order to limit its spread to protect their societies.

Accordingly, this research focuses, primarily, and we address in detail the study of the cyber threat crime in Emirati and Jordanian law, a comparative study.